The Lengthening Shadow of Slavery

Contributed Because Black students continue to face significant academic and financial challenges in their attempt to receive higher education in America, Dr. John E. Fleming felt that there was a pressing need to re-publish the 1976 edition of his book, The Lengthening Shadow of Slavery: A Historical Justification for Affirmative Action for Blacks in Higher Education (published in 1976) with a new 2023 edition titled The Lengthening Shadow of Slavery: Fifty-Year Reprise of the Historical Justification for Affirmative Action for African Americans in U.S. Higher Education. Dr. Fleming strongly felt that it was necessary to explore, yet again, why the U.S.’s own African American students receive the worst educational outcomes at all levels of the American education pipeline while foreign students who major in STEM fields at U.S. colleges and universities get the best education money can buy. On the face of it this is not an easy question to answer; but it is certainly a question that deserves an answer, e.g., an answer that looks across the landscape of the many issues that have confronted Black families in the U.S. since their Emancipation from slavery as they have persevered in their struggles to educate their children; but have often...