Uncovering Racial Bias and Emotional Manipulation in Healthcare: Insights from J. Pharoah Doss on Black Infant Outcomes

Thurgood Marshall, facing challenges in persuading the Supreme Court to eliminate school segregation, utilized the impactful doll test, which revealed Black children's preference for a White doll. Despite objections from Spottswood Robinson, these findings were instrumental in the landmark 1954 ruling against segregation. In 2023, Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson’s dissent highlighted racial differences in infant mortality linked to doctors' race. Yet, later studies identified critical methodological flaws, stressing the essential balance between enhanced advocacy and rigorous scientific integrity.