Dr. Marian croak: VoIP innovator recognized

Thanks to the invention of a visionary Black woman. We can now make phone calls over the internet. Dr. Marian Croak was born May 14, 1955, in Manhattan, New York. She had a childhood fascination with plumbers, electricians, and other workers who solved problems. Her high school math and science teachers inspired her to pursue a STEM career. Dr. Croak earned her bachelor’s degree from Princeton University in 1977. In 1982 she earned her Ph.D. in Quantitative Analysis and Psychology from the University of Southern California.& After college Dr. Croak began her career at AT&T, researching digital telecommunications in the Human Factors division. In 1995, this led to the creation of “Voice over Internet Protocol.” U.S. Patent No. 7,599,359.Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP is a technology that enables users to make phone calls with an internet connection instead of a phone line. The speaker’s voice is converted into a digital signal that travels across the internet. This signal is converted back into sound for the receiver to hear the message.Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol used to protect communications over the internet. TLS can also be used to encrypt other communications such as email, text messaging, and...